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Deadwood is an important source of organic carbon and nutrients in forest ecosystems, which is continuously degraded by macro- and microorganisms, which hereby structure the ecosystems and impact multiple ecosystem functions. Though many contributions on species diversity for single taxonomic groups in relation to various deadwood substrates have been made through the last years, we still lack a comprehensive understanding of how wood-inhabiting species are organised, assemble over time, and specifically contribute to wood decomposition processes.


Our project is part of the BELongDead (Biodiversity Exploratories Long-term Deadwood) experiment that elucidates the decomposition of deadwood logs of thirteen deciduous and coniferous temperate tree species, standardised by the same starting time point of decomposition. We intend to quantify all relevant underlying molecular and biochemical mechanisms and processes of microbial-mediated wood decomposition in relation to forest management practices and geographical scale.

Particularly, we analyse:

  1. How species colonise a deadwood object
  2. How communities from different taxa interact during succession
  3. How the importance of host characteristics and environment change during succession
  4. Whether the relationship between diversity and decomposition can be better understood by considering multiple taxa

We use classical sampling methods and state-of-the-art molecular tools to capture as many aspects of diversity und community structure (Fig. 1). This information will be linked to wood chemistry, activity patterns of decomposing enzymes and wood decomposition in general. We collect the following data on two experiments:

  • DNA-based diversity of fungi, bacteria, archaea and nematodes
  • Diversity of fungal fruit bodies, lichens and mosses (Fig. 2)
  • Wood characteristics, such as pH value, C/N ratio, lignin content
  • Activities of wood-degrading enzymes (e.g., peroxidases, laccases)

These data are collected in two different experiments:

a) BELongDead

After sampling in 2012, 2015 and 2017, our data series will now be extended by a fourth time point in 2020 to enable assessing the processes of wood decomposition from the initial to the sometimes far advanced decomposition phase.

b) BESterile

  1. In a new additional experiment, gamma-sterilised and untreated deadwood logs of the two main tree species of Central European forests Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies are laid out next to the existing BELongDead logs and at a precisely defined distance (Fig. 3A). In this way, we want to answer two fundamental research questions:Does a comparison between the unsterilised stems (characterised by the endophyte community) and the sterilised controls show a difference in colonising diversity and, inferentially, in wood decay rate? Are the differences between different tree species mainly caused by the endophyte communities (Fig. 3B, hypothesis H3a) or alternatively by host tree characteristics (e.g., physicochemical properties of the wood, Fig. 3B, hypothesis H3A)?
  2. We expect colonisation to depend on the donor pool and thus differences in colonisation patterns between stems directly at BELongDead (stronger on the local species pool) and those further away (stronger on the regional species pool). If the endophytic community determines colonisation, we will observe a more similar species community between all strains (Fig. 3C, hypothesis H3b).
Picture: The diagram shows three diagrams on the concept of the be sterile experiment to illustrate the design, the filter hypothesis and the propagation hypothesis.
Fig. 3. concept of BESterile illustrating the (A) design, (B) filter hypothesis, and (C) propagation hypothesis

Doc
Rieker D., Runnel K., Baldrian P., Brabcová V., Hoppe B., Kellner H., Moll J., Vojtěch T., Bässler C. (2024): How to best detect threatened deadwood fungi – comparing metabarcoding and fruit body surveys. Biological Conservation 296, 110696. doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110696
More information:  doi.org
Doc
Enzymatische Maschinerie von Holz bewohnenden Pilzen, die temperate Baumarten abbauen.
Kipping L., Jehmlich N., Moll J., Noll M., Gossner M. M., Van Den Bossche T., Edelmann P., Borken W., Hofrichter M., Kellner H. (2024): Enzymatic machinery of wood-inhabiting fungi that degrade temperate tree species. The ISME Journal 18 (1), wrae050. doi: 10.1093/ismejo/wrae050
More information:  doi.org
Doc
Roy F., Ibayev O., Arnstadt T., Bässler C., Borken W., Groß C., Hoppe B., Hossen S., Kahl T., Moll J., Noll M., Purahong W., Schreiber J., Weisser W. W., Hofrichter M., Kellner H. (2023): Nitrogen addition increases mass loss of gymnosperm but not of angiosperm deadwood without changing microbial communities. Science of The Total Environment 900, 165868. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165868
More information:  doi.org
Doc
Verstehen und Erhalten der Zersetzervielfalt in Totholz unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Pilzen
Rieker, D. (2023): Understanding and conserving the diversity of decomposers in dead-wood with a special emphasis on fungi. Dissertation, Goethe University Frankfurt
Doc
Genomsequenzierung von Truncatella angustata (Anamorph) S358
Kellner H., Friedrich S., Schmidtke K.-U., Ullrich R., Kiebist J., Zänder D., Hofrichter M., Scheibner K. (2022): Draft genome sequence of Truncatella angustata (Anamorph) S358. Microbiology Resource Announcements 11 (7), e00052-22. doi: 10.1128/mra.00052-22
More information:  doi.org
Doc
Entflechtung der Bedeutung von Raum und Wirtsbaum für die Beta-Diversität von Käfern, Pilzen und Bakterien: Lehren aus einem großen Totholzexperiment
Rieker D., Krah F.-S., Gossner M. M., Uhl B., Ambarli D., Baber K., Buscot F., Hofrichter M., Hoppe B., Kahl T., Kellner H., Moll J., Purahong W., Seibold S., Weisser W. W., Bässler C. (2022): Disentangling the importance of space and host tree for the beta-diversity of beetles, fungi, and bacteria: Lessons from a large dead-wood experiment. Conservation Biology 268, 109521. doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109521
More information:  doi.org
Doc
Hofrichter M., Kellner H., Herzog R., Karich A., Kiebist J., Scheibner K., Ullrich R. (2022): Peroxide-Mediated Oxygenation of Organic Compounds by Fungal Peroxygenases. Antioxidants 11 (1), 163. doi: 10.3390/antiox11010163
More information:  doi.org
Doc
Bewertung von Primern für den Nachweis von totholzbewohnenden Archaeen mittels Amplikonsequenzierung
Moll J., Hoppe B. (2022): Evaluation of primers for the detection of deadwood-inhabiting archaea via amplicon sequencing. PeerJ 10: e14567. doi: 10.7717/peerj.14567
More information:  doi.org
Doc
Molekulare Analyse endophytischer Pilzgemeinschaften in Buchen- und Fichtenstämmen und ihre öklogische Bedeutung
Krause L. (2022): Molekulare Analyse endophytischer Pilzgemeinschaften in Buchen- und Fichtenstämmen und ihre öklogische Bedeutung. Bachelor thesis, University Leipzig / UFZ Halle
Doc
Moll J., Roy F., Bässler C., Heilmann-Clausen J., Hofrichter M., Kellner H., Krabel D., Schmidt J. H., Buscot F., Hoppe B. (2021): First evidence that nematode communities in deadwood are related to tree species identity and to co-occurring fungi and prokaryotes. Microorganisms 9 (7), 1454. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9071454
More information:  doi.org
Doc
Nematode Diversity and Community Composition in Deadwood of 13 Temperate Tree Species
Roy F. (2020): Nematode Diversity and Community Composition in Deadwood of 13 Temperate Tree Species. Master thesis, TU Dresden

Public Datasets

Dataset
Rieker, Daniel (2024): Threatened fungi on deadwood sampled via metabarcoding or fruitbody 2012 - 2018. Version 8. Biodiversity Exploratories Information System. Dataset. https://www.bexis.uni-jena.de/ddm/data/Showdata/31703?version=8
Dataset
Moll, Julia; Kellner, Harald (2023): Fungal communities of BELongDead logs in Hainich 2017 (ITS amplicon sequencing). Version 5. Biodiversity Exploratories Information System. Dataset. https://www.bexis.uni-jena.de/ddm/data/Showdata/31456?version=5
Dataset
Moll, Julia; Kellner, Harald; Noll, Matthias (2023): Bacterial communities BEShortDead: 16S amplicon sequencing of wood blocks in forest and grassland experimental plots (EPs). Version 4. Biodiversity Exploratories Information System. Dataset. https://www.bexis.uni-jena.de/ddm/data/Showdata/31647?version=4
Dataset
Kellner, Harald (2023): Microbial communities in deadwood of 13 temperate tree species after nine years of elevated N deposition. Version 4. Biodiversity Exploratories Information System. Dataset. https://www.bexis.uni-jena.de/ddm/data/Showdata/31523?version=4
Dataset
Moll, Julia; Kellner, Harald; Noll, Matthias (2023): Fungal communities BEShortDead: ITS amplicon sequencing of wood blocks in forest and grassland experimental plots (EPs). Version 4. Biodiversity Exploratories Information System. Dataset. https://www.bexis.uni-jena.de/ddm/data/Showdata/31639?version=4
Dataset
Kellner, Harald (2023): Fungal communities in deadwood of 13 temperate tree species after nine years of elevated N deposition. Version 5. Biodiversity Exploratories Information System. Dataset. https://www.bexis.uni-jena.de/ddm/data/Showdata/31524?version=5
Dataset
Rieker, Daniel (2023): Bryophyt, lichen, vascular plant inventory on dead-wood of the BELongDead in 2020. Version 7. Biodiversity Exploratories Information System. Dataset. https://www.bexis.uni-jena.de/ddm/data/Showdata/31525?version=7
Dataset
Moll, Julia; Hoppe, Björn (2022): Wood-inhabiting archaeal community - primer comparison: Data set 'V56' (16S amplicon sequencing). Version 4. Biodiversity Exploratories Information System. Dataset. https://www.bexis.uni-jena.de/ddm/data/Showdata/31303?version=4
Dataset
Kipping, Lydia (2022): Fungal communities of BELongDead logs in Hainich 2017(Metaproteomic). Version 6. Biodiversity Exploratories Information System. Dataset. https://www.bexis.uni-jena.de/ddm/data/Showdata/31417?version=6
Dataset
Moll, Julia; Hoppe, Björn (2022): Wood-inhabiting archaeal community - primer comparison: Data set 'Prok' (16S amplicon sequencing). Version 4. Biodiversity Exploratories Information System. Dataset. https://www.bexis.uni-jena.de/ddm/data/Showdata/31300?version=4
Dataset
Moll, Julia; Hoppe, Björn (2022): Wood-inhabiting archaeal community - primer comparison: Data set 'V34' (16S amplicon sequencing). Version 4. Biodiversity Exploratories Information System. Dataset. https://www.bexis.uni-jena.de/ddm/data/Showdata/31301?version=4
Dataset
Moll, Julia; Hoppe, Björn (2022): Wood-inhabiting archaeal community - primer comparison: Data set 'V46' (16S amplicon sequencing). Version 4. Biodiversity Exploratories Information System. Dataset. https://www.bexis.uni-jena.de/ddm/data/Showdata/31302?version=4
Dataset
Kellner, Harald (2022): Deadwood decomposition under elevated nitrogen deposition. Version 9. Biodiversity Exploratories Information System. Dataset. https://www.bexis.uni-jena.de/ddm/data/Showdata/31380?version=9
Dataset
Moll, Julia; Hoppe, Björn; Kellner, Harald (2021): Fungal communities of BELongDead logs in 2012, 2015, 2017 (ITS amplicon sequencing). Version 4. Biodiversity Exploratories Information System. Dataset. https://www.bexis.uni-jena.de/ddm/data/Showdata/31056?version=4
Dataset
Moll, Julia; Hoppe, Björn; Kellner, Harald (2021): Prokaryotic communities of BELongDead logs in 2012, 2015, 2017 (16S amplicon sequencing). Version 4. Biodiversity Exploratories Information System. Dataset. https://www.bexis.uni-jena.de/ddm/data/Showdata/31061?version=4
Dataset
Kellner, Harald (2021): Draft genome sequence of Truncatella angustata (Anamorph) S358. Version 3. Biodiversity Exploratories Information System. Dataset. https://www.bexis.uni-jena.de/ddm/data/Showdata/31125?version=3
Dataset
Baber, Kristin (2021): BELongDead fungi sporocarp inventory 2012-2018. Version 7. Biodiversity Exploratories Information System. Dataset. https://www.bexis.uni-jena.de/ddm/data/Showdata/31058?version=7
Dataset
Hoppe, Björn; Moll, Julia (2020): Nematode communities in sapwood and heartwood of the BELongDead logs (selection cutting, Hainich NP, 2014). Version 2. Biodiversity Exploratories Information System. Dataset. https://www.bexis.uni-jena.de/ddm/data/Showdata/27566?version=2

Non-public datasets

Dataset
BELongDead fungi sporocarp inventory 2020
Rieker, Daniel (2025): BELongDead fungi sporocarp inventory 2020. Version 3. Biodiversity Exploratories Information System. Dataset. https://www.bexis.uni-jena.de. Dataset ID= 32028

Project in other funding periods

BLD-MultiFuncDiv IV (Contributing project)
#Forest & Deadwood  #BELongDead  #2023 – 2026  #deadwood colonization […]

Scientific assistants

Prof. Dr. Claus Bässler
Project manager
Prof. Dr. Claus Bässler
Universität Bayreuth
Prof. Dr. Francois Buscot (assoz.)
Alumni
Prof. Dr. Francois Buscot (assoz.)
Prof. Dr. Martin Hofrichter
Project manager
Prof. Dr. Martin Hofrichter
TU Dresden
Dr. Björn Hoppe
Project manager
Dr. Björn Hoppe
Julius Kühn-Institut
Dr. Harald Kellner
Project manager
Dr. Harald Kellner
TU Dresden
Dr. Julia Moll
Employee
Dr. Julia Moll
Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung GmbH - UFZ
Daniel Rieker
Employee
Daniel Rieker
TU Dresden,
Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung GmbH - UFZ
Friederike Roy
Employee
Friederike Roy
TU Dresden
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